Envoys and visits, both countries' missions and ministries, dialogue mechanisms, the agreements in force, trade, assistance, defence, global institutions and people-to-people ties: drawn first from the official record of both governments, for researchers, diplomats and journalists. Last revised November 2026.
Pakistan-United States relations, often searched as Pakistan-USA or US-Pakistan relations, span almost eight decades. This page brings together, in one place, the record of relations between Pakistan and the United States since 1947: who represents each country and where, which ministries and agencies carry the relationship, the dialogues that structure it, the agreements in force, and the data on trade, assistance, defence, education and people. It is built from the official record of both governments first, the State Department and its Office of the Historian, Pakistan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the two embassies, USTR and US statistical agencies, and turns to institutional data or reporting only where no official text exists. Where sources differ or a fact could not be confirmed, the page says so.
Pakistan's own Foreign Office describes the relationship as one "spanning over seven and a half decades" that is "broad-based, positive, and forward-looking." MOFA → Its history has moved in cycles: alliance in the 1950s, the China opening of 1971, partnership over Afghanistan in the 1980s, distance in the 1990s, strategic partnership after 2001, and a broad re-engagement since 2025 built on trade, critical minerals, counterterrorism and Pakistan's role as a mediator.
| Item | Detail | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Diplomatic relations | 15 August 1947, the day of Pakistan's independence; the US was one of the first two states to recognise Pakistan | Office of the Historian → MOFA → |
| Missions | Pakistan: Embassy in Washington and four consulates (New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Houston). US: Embassy in Islamabad and Consulates General in Karachi and Lahore | MOFA → US Mission → |
| Heads of mission | Ambassador Rizwan Saeed Sheikh (Washington, since 2024); Chargé d'Affaires Natalie A. Baker (Islamabad, since January 2025) | Dawn → US Embassy → |
| Status | Major Non-NATO Ally since 16 June 2004 | White House archive → |
| Agreements in force | 59 treaties and agreements on the State Department's register (2020 edition): 53 concluded since 1947 and six earlier US-UK or British-India instruments that apply by succession | Treaties in Force → |
| Goods trade (2025) | $8.5 billion; US exports $3.1bn, imports from Pakistan $5.4bn | US Census Bureau → |
| US assistance (obligations) | $30,724 million, FY1948 to FY2025, current dollars (about $30.7 billion); a wider measure including Pentagon reimbursements is explained under Assistance | ForeignAssistance.gov → |
| Pakistani students in the US | 13,165 in 2024/25, up 19.8% on the year | Open Doors → |
| Pakistani-origin population | About 680,000 people identify as Pakistani, alone or in combination (US Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2023) | Pew Research Center → |
| Remittances from the US | $3,624 million in FY2026 (July 2025 to June 2026) | State Bank of Pakistan → |
| Direct investment from the US | Net −$114 million in FY2026 ($88 million in, $201 million out); net $35 million in FY2025 | State Bank of Pakistan → |
Who has represented the United States in Pakistan, and the leader-level visits in both directions, as recorded by the State Department's Office of the Historian and updated from official readouts.
The Office of the Historian's register runs to 2020 and is no longer updated; later entries are from the US Embassy and Pakistani records. Office of the Historian → Paul Jones departs, 2020 → Aggeler as Chargé → US Embassy →
| Name | Title | Years |
|---|---|---|
| Charles W. Lewis Jr. | Chargé d'Affaires a.i. | 1947 |
| Paul H. Alling | Ambassador | 1948 |
| Avra M. Warren | Ambassador | 1950–1952 |
| Horace A. Hildreth | Ambassador | 1953–1957 |
| James M. Langley | Ambassador | 1957–1959 |
| William M. Rountree | Ambassador | 1959–1962 |
| Walter P. McConaughy Jr. | Ambassador | 1962–1966 |
| Eugene M. Locke | Ambassador | 1966–1967 |
| Benjamin H. Oehlert | Ambassador | 1967–1969 |
| Joseph S. Farland | Ambassador | 1969–1972 |
| Henry A. Byroade | Ambassador | 1973–1977 |
| Arthur W. Hummel Jr. | Ambassador | 1977–1981 |
| Ronald I. Spiers | Ambassador | 1981–1983 |
| Deane R. Hinton | Ambassador | 1983–1986 |
| Arnold L. Raphel | Ambassador | 1987–1988 |
| Robert B. Oakley | Ambassador | 1988–1991 |
| Nicholas Platt | Ambassador | 1991–1992 |
| John C. Monjo | Ambassador | 1992–1995 |
| Thomas W. Simons Jr. | Ambassador | 1996–1998 |
| William B. Milam | Ambassador | 1998–2001 |
| Wendy J. Chamberlin | Ambassador | 2001–2002 |
| Nancy J. Powell | Ambassador | 2002–2004 |
| Ryan C. Crocker | Ambassador | 2004–2007 |
| Anne W. Patterson | Ambassador | 2007–2010 |
| Cameron P. Munter | Ambassador | 2010–2012 |
| Richard G. Olson Jr. | Ambassador | 2012–2015 |
| David Hale | Ambassador | 2015–2018 |
| Paul W. Jones | Chargé d'Affaires a.i. | 2018–2020 |
| Angela P. Aggeler | Chargé d'Affaires a.i. | 2020–2022 |
| Donald A. Blome | Ambassador | May 2022 to early 2025 |
| Natalie A. Baker | Chargé d'Affaires a.i. | January 2025 – present |
Pakistan opened its embassy in Washington soon after relations were established in 1947. MOFA → The Ministry of Foreign Affairs does not publish a consolidated register of its envoys, so this list was compiled by IPDS: terms to 1981 are taken from the persons indexes of the State Department's Foreign Relations of the United States series; later terms from Pakistani government records where available, otherwise from published compilations, each linked. Years are years of service; chargés d'affaires between ambassadors are not listed.
| # | Ambassador | Years | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | M.A.H. Ispahani | 1947–1952 | Truman Library; FRUS 1950 → |
| 2 | Mohammad Ali (Bogra) | 1952–1953 | FRUS 1952–54 → |
| 3 | Syed Amjad Ali | 1953–1955 | FRUS 1955–57 → |
| 4 | Mohammad Ali (Bogra), second term | 1955–1959 | FRUS 1955–57 → |
| 5 | Aziz Ahmed | 1959–1963 | FRUS 1961–63 → |
| 6 | Ghulam Ahmed | 1963–1966 | FRUS 1964–68 → |
| 7 | Agha Hilaly | 1966–1971 | FRUS 1969–76 → |
| 8 | Nawabzada Agha Mohammad Raza | 1971–1972 | FRUS 1969–76 → |
| 9 | Sultan Mohammad Khan | 1972–1974 | FRUS 1969–76 → |
| 10 | Sahabzada Yaqub Khan | 1974–1979 | FRUS 1977–80 → |
| 11 | Sultan Mohammad Khan, second term | 1979–1981 | FRUS 1977–80 → |
| 12 | Ejaz Azim | 1981–1986 | The News → |
| 13 | Jamsheed Marker | 1986–1989 | The News → |
| 14 | Zulfiqar Ali Khan | 1989–1990 | The News → |
| 15 | Najmuddin Shaikh | 1990–1991 | Jinnah Institute → |
| 16 | Syeda Abida Hussain | 1991–1993 | The News → |
| 17 | Maleeha Lodhi | 1994–1997 | The News → |
| 18 | Riaz Khokhar | 1997–1999 | The News → |
| 19 | Maleeha Lodhi, second term | 1999–2002 | The News → |
| 20 | Ashraf Jehangir Qazi | 2002–2004 | United Nations → |
| 21 | Jehangir Karamat | 2004–2006 | The News → |
| 22 | Mahmud Ali Durrani | 2006–2008 | The News → |
| 23 | Husain Haqqani | 2008–2011 | The News → |
| 24 | Sherry Rehman | 2011–2013 | The News → |
| 25 | Jalil Abbas Jilani | 2013–2017 | The News → |
| 26 | Aizaz Ahmad Chaudhry | 2017–2018 | Washington Diplomat → |
| 27 | Asad Majeed Khan | 2019–2022 | Embassy of Pakistan → |
| 28 | Masood Khan | 2022–2024 | MOFA → |
| 29 | Rizwan Saeed Sheikh | 2024–present | MOFA → |
| Date | President | City | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7–9 Dec 1959 | Dwight D. Eisenhower | Karachi | Informal visit; met President Ayub Khan |
| 23 Dec 1967 | Lyndon B. Johnson | Karachi | Met President Ayub Khan |
| 1–2 Aug 1969 | Richard M. Nixon | Lahore | State visit; met President Yahya Khan |
| 25 Mar 2000 | William J. Clinton | Islamabad | Met President Tarar and General Musharraf; radio address |
| 3–4 Mar 2006 | George W. Bush | Islamabad | Met President Musharraf; Strategic Partnership joint statement |
Source: Office of the Historian, Travels of the President →
| Date | Visitor | Nature of visit |
|---|---|---|
| May 1950 | PM Liaquat Ali Khan | Official visit |
| Oct 1954 | PM Mohammed Ali | Official guest |
| Jul 1957 | PM H.S. Suhrawardy | Official visit |
| Jul 1961 | President Ayub Khan | State visit; addressed Congress |
| Dec 1965 | President Ayub Khan | State visit |
| Sep 1973, Feb 1975 | PM Zulfikar Ali Bhutto | Official visits |
| Dec 1982 | President Zia ul-Haq | State visit |
| Jul 1986 | PM Muhammad Khan Junejo | Official visit |
| Jun 1989, Apr 1995 | PM Benazir Bhutto | Official visits |
| Dec 1998, Jul 1999 | PM Nawaz Sharif | Official working and private visits |
| 2002–2006 | President Pervez Musharraf | Working visits incl. Camp David, Jun 2003 |
| Jan 2006 | PM Shaukat Aziz | Working visit |
| Jul 2008 | PM Yousaf Raza Gilani | Working visit |
| May 2009 | President Asif Ali Zardari | Working visit |
| Oct 2013, Oct 2015 | PM Nawaz Sharif | Working visits |
| Jul 2019 | PM Imran Khan | Official working visit |
| Jun 2025 | Field Marshal Syed Asim Munir | White House lunch with President Trump Geo/ISPR → |
| Sep 2025 | PM Shehbaz Sharif with Field Marshal Munir | Oval Office meeting Dawn → |
| Feb 2026 | PM Shehbaz Sharif | Washington; Board of Peace inaugural meeting; met Secretary Rubio State Dept → |
| May 2026 | DPM/FM Ishaq Dar | Washington; met Secretary Rubio State Dept → |
Source: Office of the Historian, Visits by Foreign Leaders → for visits to 2019; later visits as linked. Meetings on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly are not listed separately.
28 visits by 12 Secretaries of State, from John Foster Dulles in 1953 to Michael Pompeo in 2018. Office of the Historian → Since then ministerial contact has taken place in Washington, at the UN and by telephone, including meetings between Secretary Marco Rubio and Deputy Prime Minister/Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar on 25 July 2025 and 29 May 2026. MOFA → MOFA →
| Date | Secretary of State | City | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22–25 May 1953 | John Foster Dulles | Karachi | Met Prime Minister Ali and senior officials |
| 5–9 Mar 1956 | John Foster Dulles | Karachi | Second SEATO Council meeting |
| 29 Apr–2 May 1963 | Dean Rusk | Karachi | CENTO Ministerial meeting |
| 24–25 May 1969 | William P. Rogers | Lahore | Met President Yahya Khan |
| 10 Nov 1973 | Henry A. Kissinger | Islamabad | Met Prime Minister Bhutto |
| 31 Oct–1 Nov 1974 | Henry A. Kissinger | Rawalpindi | Met Prime Minister Bhutto |
| 8–9 Aug 1976 | Henry A. Kissinger | Lahore | Met Prime Minister Bhutto |
| 2–4 Jul 1983 | George P. Shultz | Islamabad, Peshawar | Met President Zia; visited an Afghan refugee camp |
| 19–20 Aug 1988 | George P. Shultz | Islamabad | State funeral of President Zia |
| 17–18 Nov 1997 | Madeleine K. Albright | Islamabad, Peshawar | Met Prime Minister Sharif; visited an Afghan refugee camp |
| 25 Mar 2000 | Madeleine K. Albright | Islamabad | Accompanied President Clinton |
| 15–16 Oct 2001 | Colin L. Powell | Islamabad | Counterterrorism cooperation with President Musharraf |
| 15–17 Jan 2002 | Colin L. Powell | Islamabad | Met President Musharraf |
| 28 Jul 2002 | Colin L. Powell | Islamabad | Met President Musharraf |
| 17–18 Mar 2004 | Colin L. Powell | Islamabad | Met President Musharraf and Foreign Minister Kasuri |
| 16–18 Mar 2005 | Condoleezza Rice | Islamabad | Met President Musharraf |
| 12 Oct 2005 | Condoleezza Rice | Islamabad | Earthquake relief |
| 3–4 Mar 2006 | Condoleezza Rice | Islamabad | Accompanied President Bush |
| 27–28 Jun 2006 | Condoleezza Rice | Islamabad | Met President Musharraf and Foreign Minister Kasuri |
| 4 Dec 2008 | Condoleezza Rice | Islamabad | Met President Zardari |
| 28–30 Oct 2009 | Hillary R. Clinton | Islamabad, Lahore | Met Foreign Minister Qureshi; announced assistance programmes |
| 18–19 Jul 2010 | Hillary R. Clinton | Islamabad | Strategic Dialogue meeting; aid agreements |
| 27 May 2011 | Hillary R. Clinton | Islamabad | Met President Zardari and senior leaders |
| 20–21 Oct 2011 | Hillary R. Clinton | Islamabad | Met Prime Minister Gilani, Foreign Minister Khar, President Zardari |
| 31 Jul–2 Aug 2013 | John F. Kerry | Islamabad | Met President Zardari and Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif |
| 12–14 Jan 2015 | John F. Kerry | Islamabad | Strategic Dialogue ministerial |
| 24 Oct 2017 | Rex W. Tillerson | Islamabad | Met senior officials |
| 5 Sep 2018 | Michael R. Pompeo | Islamabad | Met Prime Minister Imran Khan, Foreign Minister Qureshi, General Bajwa |
Every embassy and consulate each country keeps in the other, with heads of post where the mission itself publishes them.
Chancery designed by Nayyar Ali Dada, inaugurated June 2004. Wings: Diplomatic, Community Affairs, Defence (Defence, Naval and Air Attachés), Economic, Trade & Investment (Ministry of Commerce/TDAP), Finance, Press.
Serves the north-eastern United States; also the city of Pakistan's Permanent Mission to the United Nations.
Serves the western United States; includes a Trade and Commercial Counsellor.
Serves the southern United States.
Sources: MOFA → Embassy staff list → Chancery history →
Diplomatic Enclave, Islamabad. One of the largest US missions in the region, per MOFA.
Serves Sindh and Balochistan.
Serves Punjab.
The institutions on each side that carry the relationship, and where researchers can find their primary records.
| Institution | Role in the relationship | Website |
|---|---|---|
| Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Americas Division) | Lead on the relationship; dialogues; visits | Visit → |
| Prime Minister's Office | Leader-level engagement | Visit → |
| Ministry of Commerce / TDAP | TIFA; reciprocal trade negotiations; Trade Wing in Washington | Visit → |
| Ministry of Finance | IMF and multilateral finance; Economic Wing in Washington | Visit → |
| Ministry of Defence / GHQ / ISPR | Defence ties; Defence Wing in Washington | Visit → |
| Special Investment Facilitation Council | Investment, including minerals and energy | Visit → |
| Board of Investment | Investment promotion | Visit → |
| Higher Education Commission | Fulbright-HEC partnership | Visit → |
| State Bank of Pakistan | FDI and remittance data | Visit → |
| Institution | Role in the relationship | Website |
|---|---|---|
| Department of State: Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs | Lead on the relationship; assistance programmes since 2025 | Visit → |
| The White House / National Security Council | Leader-level engagement | Visit → |
| Office of the US Trade Representative | TIFA; Agreement on Reciprocal Trade talks | Visit → |
| Department of Commerce / Census Bureau | Commercial advocacy; official trade statistics | Visit → |
| Department of the Treasury | IMF and international finance | Visit → |
| Department of War (Defense) | Security cooperation; foreign military sales (with State) | Visit → |
| State Department Counterterrorism Bureau | Counterterrorism Dialogue | Visit → |
| US Educational Foundation in Pakistan (USEFP) | Binational Fulbright commission | Visit → |
| US Congress | Authorisation and appropriation; the Congressional Pakistan Caucus, co-chaired by Representatives Tom Suozzi and Jack Bergman | Visit → |
The formal channels through which the two governments meet, from the Strategic Dialogue to sector working groups.
| Mechanism | Status and latest round | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Strategic Dialogue | Launched with the March 2006 Strategic Partnership; raised to ministerial level in 2010; interrupted in 2011 and resumed in Washington on 27 January 2014; Islamabad, January 2015; sixth and latest ministerial round in Washington, 29 February–1 March 2016 (Sartaj Aziz and John Kerry) | Joint statement → State Dept, 2014 → Office of the Historian → Joint statement, 2016 → |
| Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA) Council | Agreement signed 25 June 2003; 9th ministerial Council, Washington, 23 February 2023 | Treaties in Force → USTR → |
| Counterterrorism Dialogue | Rounds in Islamabad (12 August 2025) and Washington (4th round, 4 August 2026) | State Dept → MOFA → |
| Agreement on Reciprocal Trade negotiations | Since 2025; Washington round 9–10 July 2026; few technical issues left as of October 2026 | Express Tribune → Profit → |
| Energy Security Dialogue | Session of 15 March 2023, under the US-Pakistan Green Alliance framework | Joint statement → |
| Climate and Environment Working Group | Part of the Green Alliance framework launched in 2022 | Joint statement → |
| Mid-level Defence Dialogue and Health Dialogue | Listed by MOFA among the standing consultation mechanisms | MOFA → |
| Joint Commission on economic, commercial, scientific, technological, educational and cultural cooperation | Established by agreement of 6 December 1982 | Treaties in Force → |
| Science and Technology Cooperation Agreement | Signed 25 June 2003; renewed 2008, 2013 and 2018/19 | Treaties in Force → |
The complete list: all 59 treaties and agreements the State Department records as in force between the two countries.
The list reproduces, in full and by date, the Pakistan section of the State Department's Treaties in Force as of 1 January 2020, the most recent edition whose full text could be read. Treaties in Force, 2020 edition → Six entries are earlier US-UK or British-India instruments that apply to Pakistan by succession under the Indian Independence (International Arrangements) Order, 1947; the other 53 were concluded by Pakistan itself. By field: defence 12, finance 10, assistance 7, trade 5, postal 3, property 2, law enforcement 2, diplomatic 2, consular 2, taxation 2, intellectual property 1, cultural 1, people 1, education 1, refugees 1, framework 1, transport 1, investment 1, environment 1, science 1, legal 1, customs 1. Amendments, extensions and related notes are not listed separately. Compare against the 2025 edition → for any change since 2020.
| Signed or in force | Agreement | Field |
|---|---|---|
| 3 Jul 1815 | Convention to regulate commerce (article IV), United States and United Kingdom (by succession) | Trade |
| 24 Oct 1877 | Declaration affording reciprocal protection to trademarks, United States and United Kingdom (by succession) | Intellectual property |
| 2 Mar 1899 | Convention relating to tenure and disposition of real and personal property, United States and United Kingdom (by succession) | Property |
| 13 Jan 1902 | Supplementary convention to the property convention of 1899 (by succession) | Property |
| 22 Dec 1931 | Extradition treaty, United States and United Kingdom, applied to India from 1942 (by succession) | Law enforcement |
| 16 May 1946 | Agreement on settlement for lend-lease, reciprocal aid, surplus war property and claims (with India; continued by Pakistan, note of 12 June 1948) (by succession) | Trade |
| 4 Feb 1949 | Arrangement on reciprocal concessions and privileges for diplomatic and consular officers | Diplomatic |
| 18 Oct 1949 | Agreement on the reciprocal reduction of visa fees (status under review) | Consular |
| 15 Dec 1950 | Agreement on the transfer of military supplies and equipment to Pakistan | Defence |
| 9 Feb 1951 | Agreement for technical cooperation | Assistance |
| 23 May 1951 | Agreement for the exchange of official publications | Cultural |
| 2 Feb 1952 | Supplementary agreement for technical cooperation | Assistance |
| 1 May 1954 | Agreement on an informational media guaranty programme | Assistance |
| 19 May 1954 | Mutual defense assistance agreement, Karachi | Defence |
| 23 Aug 1954 | Agreement on emergency flood assistance for East Pakistan | Assistance |
| 2 Oct 1954 | Agreement on duty-free entry and inland transport of relief supplies | Assistance |
| 11 Jan 1955 | Defense support assistance agreement | Defence |
| 1955 (in force 1 Jan 1956) | Agreement for the exchange of parcels by parcel post | Postal |
| 15 May 1956 | Agreement on disposition of equipment furnished under the 1954 defence agreement | Defence |
| 28 May 1956 | Construction agreement under the 1954 defence agreement | Defence |
| 10 Sep 1956 | Agreement on supplies and services to naval vessels | Defence |
| 1 Jul 1957 | Convention for the avoidance of double taxation (in force 21 May 1959) | Taxation |
| 5 Mar 1959 | Agreement of cooperation, Ankara | Defence |
| 27 Jun 1959 | Agreement on the reciprocal issuance of nonimmigrant visas | Consular |
| 12 Nov 1959 | Treaty of friendship and commerce (in force 12 Feb 1961) | Trade |
| 31 May 1962 | Agreement establishing a Peace Corps programme in Pakistan | People |
| 20 Sep 1972 | Debt consolidation and rescheduling agreements | Finance |
| 18 Oct 1972 | Agreement for financing educational exchange programmes | Education |
| 4 Mar 1976 | Debt consolidation and rescheduling agreement | Finance |
| 9 Sep 1977 | Agreement on mutual assistance in matters relating to Lockheed and Boeing | Law enforcement |
| 30 Aug 1979 | MoU on concessions in the multilateral trade negotiations, Geneva | Trade |
| 10 May 1981 | Debt rescheduling agreement (US Government and USAID) | Finance |
| 18 Aug 1981 | Implementing agreement on debts owed to USAID | Finance |
| 27 Sep 1981 | Rescheduling of P.L. 480 Title I payments | Finance |
| 30 Sep 1981 | Agreement on transport of relief commodities to Afghan refugee camps | Refugees |
| 24 Jun 1982 | Agreement on general security of military information | Defence |
| 6 Dec 1982 | Joint commission on economic, commercial, scientific, technological, educational and cultural cooperation | Framework |
| 30 Jul 1986 | Agreement on IMET training | Defence |
| 1987 (in force 1 May 1987) | International express mail agreement | Postal |
| 27 Jul 1989 | Reciprocal tax exemption for international shipping income | Taxation |
| 27 Jan 1990 | MoU on co-assembly and co-production of AN/UAS 12A night sight equipment | Defence |
| 1993 (in force 15 Mar 1993) | INTELPOST memorandum of understanding | Postal |
| 10 Apr 1997 | Air transport agreement (amended 1999, 2007) | Transport |
| 18 Nov 1997 | Investment incentive agreement (in force 28 Jan 1998) | Investment |
| 18 Nov 1997 | GLOBE environmental programme agreement | Environment |
| 26 Nov 1999 | Debt consolidation and rescheduling agreement | Finance |
| 24 Sep 2001 | Debt consolidation and rescheduling agreement | Finance |
| 23 Aug 2002 | Debt consolidation agreement | Finance |
| 5 Apr 2003 | Debt reduction agreement | Finance |
| 25 Jun 2003 | Trade and investment framework agreement (TIFA) | Trade |
| 25 Jun 2003 | Science and technology cooperation agreement (extended 2008, 2013, 2019) | Science |
| 27 Jun 2003 | Grants and defence articles under the Foreign Assistance Act | Defence |
| 21 Jul 2003 | Agreement on the surrender of persons to international tribunals | Legal |
| 13 Feb 2004 | Employment of dependents of official government employees | Diplomatic |
| 16 Jul 2004 | Debt reduction agreement | Finance |
| 30 Apr 2007 | Mutual assistance between customs administrations, Port Qasim | Customs |
| 30 Sep 2010 | Pakistan Enhanced Partnership Agreement (amended 2012, 2013) | Assistance |
| 2011/12 (in force 22 Feb 2012) | Aviation Leadership Program agreement | Defence |
| 18 Sep 2012 | Activity agreement for the Peshawar-Torkham road | Assistance |
| Date | Instrument | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 8 Sep 2025 | US Strategic Metals and Frontier Works Organization MoU on critical minerals (commercial, not a government agreement) | Dawn → |
| Aug 2026 | USEFP and HEC five-year Fulbright-HEC agreement (announced 11 August, signed 17 August) | Radio Pakistan → USEFP → |
The United States has been Pakistan's largest single-country export market for more than two decades. US Embassy, 2026 →
| Year | US exports to Pakistan | US imports from Pakistan | Total | US balance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 1,944 | 3,578 | 5,522 | −1,634 |
| 2010 | 1,901 | 3,509 | 5,410 | −1,608 |
| 2013 | 1,646 | 3,689 | 5,335 | −2,043 |
| 2015 | 1,838 | 3,701 | 5,539 | −1,863 |
| 2017 | 2,808 | 3,574 | 6,382 | −766 |
| 2018 | 2,852 | 3,706 | 6,558 | −854 |
| 2019 | 2,647 | 3,920 | 6,567 | −1,273 |
| 2020 | 2,912 | 3,899 | 6,811 | −987 |
| 2021 | 3,617 | 5,282 | 8,899 | −1,665 |
| 2022 | 3,147 | 5,994 | 9,141 | −2,847 |
| 2023 | 2,041 | 4,885 | 6,926 | −2,844 |
| 2024 | 2,108 | 5,118 | 7,226 | −3,010 |
| 2025 | 3,127 | 5,418 | 8,545 | −2,291 |
| 2026 (Jan–Aug) | 2,235 | 3,522 | 5,757 | −1,287 |
Source: US Census Bureau, Trade in Goods with Pakistan → Each export and import figure is rounded to the nearest million once; totals and balances are computed from those rounded figures. Pakistani figures are kept on a July–June fiscal year and differ from US calendar-year data; Pakistan's Foreign Office reported more than $5 billion of exports to the US in October 2026. MOFA →
In July 2025 the US set a 19% reciprocal tariff on Pakistani goods, down from an announced 29%. Dawn → That rate rested on emergency-powers authority, which the US Supreme Court ruled on 20 February 2026 does not extend to tariffs; US-wide measures have applied since, while the two sides negotiate a bilateral Agreement on Reciprocal Trade. Supreme Court → Profit →
Net foreign direct investment from the US, by Pakistani fiscal year (US$ million), from the State Bank of Pakistan's country-wise investment tables. Net FDI turned negative in FY2026 as outflows ($201 million) exceeded new inflows ($88 million). State Bank of Pakistan →
| Fiscal year | FY19 | FY20 | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | FY26 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net FDI from the US | 88.1 | 99.2 | 166.4 | 313.6 | 180.0 | 110.3 | 35.3 | −113.5 |
Remittances sent from the US to Pakistan, by Pakistani fiscal year (US$ million). From July 2019 the State Bank attributes remittances to the sender's original country rather than the country they were routed through, so FY2020 onward is not comparable with earlier years; on the new basis FY2026 reached $3,624 million. State Bank of Pakistan, Country-wise Workers' Remittances →
| Fiscal year | FY20 | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | FY26 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Remittances from the US | 1,742.8 | 2,599.6 | 3,087.4 | 3,167.8 | 3,531.2 | 3,720.4 | 3,623.5 |
The State Department's 2025 Investment Climate Statement sets out the conditions US investors report. State Dept → The largest recent commitment is the September 2025 critical-minerals MoU between US Strategic Metals and the Frontier Works Organization, envisaging about $500 million in a first phase; the first shipment left for the US in October 2025. Dawn → USSM → Pakistan's embassy in Washington runs a Trade & Investment Wing and, in October 2026, a "Pakistan-US Tech Connect" series in Silicon Valley and Dallas. Embassy Trade Wing → Embassy →
$30,724 million obligated between FY1948 and FY2025 in current dollars (about $30.7 billion; $84.6 billion in constant dollars), in waves that track the political history of the relationship.
| Period | Economic | Military | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| FY1948–FY1959 | 977 | 425 | 1,402 |
| FY1960–FY1969 | 2,747 | 289 | 3,036 |
| FY1970–FY1979 | 1,383 | 1 | 1,384 |
| FY1980–FY1989 | 2,787 | 2,007 | 4,794 |
| FY1990–FY1999 | 768 | 190 | 958 |
| FY2000–FY2009 | 4,126 | 2,333 | 6,459 |
| FY2010–FY2019 | 8,331 | 3,246 | 11,577 |
| FY2020–FY2025 | 1,060 | 54 | 1,114 |
| Total | 22,179 | 8,545 | 30,724 |
| Fiscal year | Economic | Military | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| FY1962 | 403 | 95 | 498 |
| FY1988 | 466 | 261 | 727 |
| FY1992 | 19 | 3 | 22 |
| FY2002 | 754 | 76 | 830 |
| FY2010 | 1,752 | 917 | 2,669 |
| FY2018 | 423 | 15 | 438 |
| FY2022 | 188 | 3 | 191 |
| FY2025 | 193 | 3 | 196 |
Source: ForeignAssistance.gov, complete dataset, obligations →; economic and military split by the dataset's own Foreign Assistance Objective field. Each year's figure is rounded to the nearest million once, and every period total is the sum of those rounded figures, so the columns add up exactly.
Published totals for US aid to Pakistan vary widely because they measure different things. This page uses obligations recorded on ForeignAssistance.gov: funds the US government has committed to specific programmes, in current dollars. On that basis FY2002 to FY2022 comes to $18,416 million.
The Congressional Research Service, followed by much of the scholarship, uses appropriations (money Congress made available, usually more than is later obligated) and adds Coalition Support Funds, Pentagon payments that reimbursed Pakistan for logistical and operational support of US-led operations. CRS counts $8,954 million in security-related and $11,875 million in economic-related appropriations for FY2002 to FY2022, plus $14,573 million in Coalition Support Fund reimbursements, a total of $34,854 million. CRS R47565, Table 1 → Coalition Support Funds are reimbursements rather than assistance programmes, so ForeignAssistance.gov does not record them as aid; both figures are correct for what they measure. Constant-dollar figures, which adjust for inflation, make earlier decades larger still.
Pakistan's Foreign Office credits US support with helping to bring the Green Revolution to Pakistan in the 1960s and with building the Mangla, Tarbela and Gomal Zam dams. MOFA → Technical cooperation began with the agreement of 9 February 1951, and a Peace Corps programme was established in 1962. Treaties in Force → Most assistance was suspended from October 1990 under the Pressler Amendment. State Dept → The Enhanced Partnership with Pakistan Act of 2009 authorised $7.5 billion in civilian aid over five years, implemented through the Pakistan Enhanced Partnership Agreement of 30 September 2010. GovInfo → Treaties in Force → After the 2022 floods the US provided relief announced alongside the 75th anniversary of relations. MOFA →
One of the longest-running security relationships in Asia, from the 1954 defence assistance agreement to today's counterterrorism and maritime cooperation.
| Year | Development | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1954 | Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement | FRUS → |
| 1954–1955 | Membership of SEATO and the Baghdad Pact (later CENTO) | Office of the Historian → State Dept → |
| 1959 | Bilateral Agreement of Cooperation | UN Treaty Series → |
| 1982, 1986 | General security of military information; IMET training agreement | Treaties in Force → |
| 2004 | Major Non-NATO Ally designation | White House archive → |
| 2011 | Founding members, Global Counterterrorism Forum | State Dept → |
| 2025–2026 | Counterterrorism Dialogue naming ISIS-K, al-Qa'ida, TTP and BLA as shared priorities | MOFA → |
| Dec 2025 | Notification of a possible $686 million F-16 sustainment package | Dawn → |
| Jan 2026 | Pakistan Navy takes command of Combined Task Force 150 (maritime security), its 12th time | Combined Maritime Forces → |
Pakistan's embassy in Washington maintains a Defence Wing with Defence, Naval and Air Attachés, and MOFA lists a Mid-level Defence Dialogue among the standing mechanisms. Embassy → MOFA → Pakistan has commanded the Combined Maritime Forces' counter-piracy (CTF 151) and maritime security (CTF 150) task forces many times; the US-led coalition is headquartered in Bahrain. CMF task forces →
The multilateral bodies and coalitions where the two countries work side by side.
| Institution or platform | The two countries' roles | Source |
|---|---|---|
| United Nations | Founding member (US, 1945) / member since 1947 (Pakistan); Pakistan holds a non-permanent Security Council seat for 2025–2026 alongside the US as a permanent member | MOFA → |
| International Monetary Fund | US is the largest shareholder; Pakistan's EFF (2024) and RSF (2025) programmes | IMF → IMF country page → |
| World Bank Group | US is the largest shareholder; Pakistan is among IDA's largest borrowers | World Bank → |
| Global Counterterrorism Forum | Both founding members, 2011 | State Dept → |
| Combined Maritime Forces | US-led 47-nation naval partnership; Pakistan a regular task force commander | CMF → |
| Board of Peace | US-chaired; Pakistan a founding member, January 2026 | Dawn → State Dept → |
| Critical Minerals Ministerial | Pakistan took part, Washington, February 2026 | State Dept → |
| US-Iran mediation | Pakistan hosted the Islamabad Talks (April 2026) and mediated the Islamabad MoU (June 2026), later with Qatar | MOFA → MOFA → |
The ties that outlast political cycles: students, scholars, exchanges and a diaspora of about 680,000.
| Academic year | Students |
|---|---|
| 2017/18 | 7,537 |
| 2018/19 | 7,957 |
| 2019/20 | 7,939 |
| 2020/21 | 7,475 |
| 2021/22 | 8,772 |
| 2022/23 | 10,164 |
| 2023/24 | 10,988 |
| 2024/25 | 13,165 |
Pakistan was the 13th-largest place of origin in 2024/25; 44% of its students were in graduate programmes, and Pakistani students contributed an estimated $525 million to the US economy. Texas, Illinois and New York host the most. Open Doors 2025, IIE →
The Fulbright Program in Pakistan is run by the US Educational Foundation in Pakistan, a binational commission the two governments established in 1950, and is among the world's largest Fulbright programmes. USEFP → Embassy of Pakistan → A later agreement of 18 October 1972 on financing educational exchanges is still in force. Treaties in Force → In August 2026 USEFP and the Higher Education Commission renewed the Fulbright-HEC partnership for five years, with a target of 66 PhD scholars; the Ministry of Federal Education announced it on 11 August and USEFP dates the signing 17 August. Radio Pakistan → USEFP →
About 680,000 people in the United States identified as Pakistani, alone or in combination with another group, in 2023, according to Census Bureau estimates analysed by the Pew Research Center. Pew Research Center → Pakistan's Foreign Office, citing the Census Bureau's 2021 figure of 629,946, names New York, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles and the Washington, D.C.-Maryland-Virginia area as the main centres. MOFA → The Congressional Pakistan Caucus, co-chaired by Representatives Tom Suozzi and Jack Bergman, held a bipartisan policy symposium on the future of US-Pakistan relations at the Capitol in March 2026. Office of Rep. Suozzi → Rep. Suozzi, committees and caucuses →
158 dated events, each linked to its source: visits in both directions, every US chief of mission, Secretary of State travel, landmark agreements and recent readouts. Search by keyword or filter by theme.
The United States recognised Pakistan the day it became independent: President Truman congratulated Governor-General Muhammad Ali Jinnah on its emergence among the family of nations. Diplomatic relations were established the same day, with an American Embassy in Karachi under Chargé d'Affaires Charles W. Lewis Jr. (US Office of the Historian)
Paul H. Alling took up post as the first US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian, Chiefs of Mission)
Avra Milvin Warren takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan made an official visit to Washington, then toured the United States until 30 May. (Office of the Historian, Visits by Foreign Leaders)
First military supplies agreement: transfer of military supplies and equipment to Pakistan. (Treaties in Force)
Agreement for technical cooperation signed in Karachi, the start of US development assistance. (Treaties in Force)
Horace Augustus Hildreth takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
Secretary of State John Foster Dulles visited Karachi, the first visit by a US Secretary of State. (Office of the Historian, Travels of the Secretary)
Governor General Ghulam Mohammed in the United States: met with President Eisenhower after obtaining medical treatment in Boston (Massachusetts). (Office of the Historian)
The two governments signed the Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement in Karachi. (FRUS 1952-54)
Pakistan signed the Manila Pact, joining the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO). (Office of the Historian)
Prime Minister Mohammed Ali in the United States: official guest. (Office of the Historian)
Pakistan joined the Baghdad Pact, later the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO). (US Department of State)
Defense support assistance agreement signed in Karachi. (Treaties in Force)
Secretary of State John Foster Dulles in Karachi: second SEATO Council meeting. (Office of the Historian)
Convention for the avoidance of double taxation signed (in force 1959). (Treaties in Force)
Prime Minister Suhrawardy in the United States: official visit. (Office of the Historian)
James McLellan Langley takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
The US-Pakistan Agreement of Cooperation was signed at Ankara. (UN Treaty Series No. 5816)
William Manning Rountree takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
Treaty of friendship and commerce signed in Washington (in force 1961). (Treaties in Force)
President Dwight D. Eisenhower visited Karachi, the first visit by a US President to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian, Travels of the President)
President Ayub Khan paid a state visit and addressed a joint session of the US Congress on 12 July. (Office of the Historian, Visits by Foreign Leaders)
Walter Patrick McConaughy Jr. takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
Agreement establishing a Peace Corps programme in Pakistan. (Treaties in Force)
President Ayub Khan in the United States: informal meeting at Newport (Rhode Island). (Office of the Historian)
Secretary of State Dean Rusk in Karachi: CENTO Ministerial meeting. (Office of the Historian)
During the India-Pakistan war, the United States suspended military assistance to both countries. (Office of the Historian)
President Ayub Khan made a state visit to Washington. (Office of the Historian, Visits by Foreign Leaders)
Eugene Murphy Locke takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
Benjamin Hilborn Oehlert takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
President Lyndon B. Johnson stopped in Karachi to meet President Ayub Khan. (Office of the Historian, Travels of the President)
Secretary of State William P. Rogers in Lahore: met President Yahya Khan. (Office of the Historian)
President Richard Nixon made a state visit to Lahore. (Office of the Historian, Travels of the President)
Joseph Simpson Farland takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
President Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan in the United States: attended White House dinner on 25th Anniversary of the U.N; met privately with President Nixon October 25. (Office of the Historian)
Pakistan facilitated National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger's secret journey to Beijing, opening the way to US-China rapprochement. (Office of the Historian)
Sidney Sober takes up post as US Chargé d'Affaires a.i. in Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
Agreement for financing educational exchange programmes, the basis of today's Fulbright programme. (Treaties in Force)
Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in the United States: official visit. (Office of the Historian)
Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger in Islamabad: met Prime Minister Bhutto. (Office of the Historian)
Henry Alfred Byroade takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger in Rawalpindi: met Prime Minister Bhutto. (Office of the Historian)
Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in the United States: official visit. (Office of the Historian)
Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger in Lahore: met Prime Minister Bhutto. (Office of the Historian)
Arthur William Hummel Jr. takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
The Soviet intervention in Afghanistan brought Pakistan and the United States into close coordination. (Office of the Historian)
President Muhammad Zia ul-Haq in the United States: private visit while attending U.N. (Office of the Historian)
Ronald Ian Spiers takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
President Zia ul-Haq made a state visit to the United States. (Office of the Historian, Visits by Foreign Leaders)
Joint commission on economic, commercial, scientific, technological, educational and cultural cooperation established. (Treaties in Force)
Secretary of State George Shultz visited Islamabad and an Afghan refugee camp near Peshawar. (Office of the Historian, Travels of the Secretary)
Deane Roesch Hinton takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
President Muhammad Zia ul-Haq in the United States: met with President Reagan in New York City at reception and luncheon at the U.N. (Office of the Historian)
Prime Minister Muhammad Khan Junejo made an official visit. (Office of the Historian, Visits by Foreign Leaders)
Arnold Lewis Raphel takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
US Ambassador Arnold Raphel died alongside President Zia in the air crash of that day; Secretary Shultz attended the state funeral. (Office of the Historian, Chiefs of Mission Office of the Historian, Travels of the Secretary)
Robert Bigger Oakley takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto made an official visit to Washington. (Office of the Historian, Visits by Foreign Leaders)
Most US economic and all military assistance to Pakistan was suspended under the Pressler Amendment to the Foreign Assistance Act. (State Department Background Note, 1997)
Nicholas Platt takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
John Cameron Monjo takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
President Farooq Leghari in the United States: met with President Clinton during a private visit. (Office of the Historian)
Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto made an official working visit. (Office of the Historian, Visits by Foreign Leaders)
Thomas W. Simons Jr. takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
Air transport agreement signed in Rawalpindi. (Treaties in Force)
Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in the United States: met with President Clinton at the UN General Assembly in New York City. (Office of the Historian)
Secretary of State Madeleine Albright visited Islamabad and Peshawar. (Office of the Historian, Travels of the Secretary)
Investment incentive agreement signed, opening US government investment insurance and finance. (Treaties in Force)
William B. Milam takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in the United States: met with President Clinton at the U.N. (Office of the Historian)
Prime Minister Mohammed Nawaz Sharif in the United States: official working visit. (Office of the Historian)
Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in the United States: private visit; talks with President Clinton. (Office of the Historian)
President Clinton visited Islamabad and delivered a radio address to the people of Pakistan. (Office of the Historian, Travels of the President)
Wendy Jean Chamberlin takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
Secretary of State Colin Powell visited Islamabad to discuss counterterrorism cooperation with President Pervez Musharraf. (Office of the Historian, Travels of the Secretary)
President Pervez Musharraf in the United States: met with President Bush at the UN General Assembly in New York City. (Office of the Historian)
Secretary of State Colin L. Powell in Islamabad: met President Musharraf. (Office of the Historian)
President Pervez Musharraf in the United States: official Working Visit. (Office of the Historian)
Secretary of State Colin L. Powell in Islamabad: met President Musharraf. (Office of the Historian)
Nancy Jo Powell takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
President Pervez Musharraf in the United States: met with President Bush at the UN General Assembly in New York City. (Office of the Historian)
President Pervez Musharraf in the United States: working visit. (Office of the Historian)
Trade and investment framework agreement (TIFA) and a science and technology cooperation agreement signed in Washington. (Treaties in Force)
President Pervez Musharraf in the United States: met with President Bush at the UN General Assembly in New York City. (Office of the Historian)
Prime Minister Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali in the United States: working visit. (Office of the Historian)
Secretary of State Colin L. Powell in Islamabad: met President Musharraf and Foreign Minister Kasuri. (Office of the Historian)
President George W. Bush designated Pakistan a Major Non-NATO Ally. (White House, Presidential Determination)
President Pervez Musharraf in the United States: met with President Bush at the UN General Assembly in New York City. (Office of the Historian)
Ryan Clark Crocker takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
President Pervez Musharraf in the United States: working visit. (Office of the Historian)
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice in Islamabad: met President Musharraf. (Office of the Historian)
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice in Islamabad: earthquake relief. (Office of the Historian)
Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz in the United States: working visit. (Office of the Historian)
President Bush visited Islamabad; the two presidents issued a Joint Statement on the US-Pakistan Strategic Partnership and launched a Strategic Dialogue. (Public Papers of the Presidents White House fact sheet)
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice in Islamabad: met President Musharraf and Foreign Minister Kasuri. (Office of the Historian)
President Pervez Musharraf in the United States: working visit. (Office of the Historian)
Customs mutual assistance agreement signed at Port Qasim. (Treaties in Force)
Anne Woods Patterson takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
Prime Minister Yousuf Gilani in the United States: working visit. (Office of the Historian)
President Asif Zardari in the United States: met with President Bush at the UN General Assembly in New York City. (Office of the Historian)
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice in Islamabad: met President Zardari. (Office of the Historian)
President Asif Ali Zardari in the United States: working Visit. (Office of the Historian)
President Asif Zardari in the United States: attended a meeting of the Friends of Democratic Pakistan Summit in New York City. (Office of the Historian)
The Enhanced Partnership with Pakistan Act of 2009 (Kerry-Lugar-Berman) became law, authorising $7.5 billion in civilian assistance over five years. (Public Law 111-73, GovInfo)
Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani in the United States: attended the Nuclear Security Summit. (Office of the Historian)
Secretary Hillary Clinton attended a Strategic Dialogue meeting in Islamabad and announced a series of assistance agreements. (Office of the Historian, Travels of the Secretary)
Pakistan Enhanced Partnership Agreement signed, implementing the 2009 Act. (Treaties in Force)
Cameron Phelps Munter takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
President Asif Ali Zardari in the United States: attended the Richard Holbrooke Memorial Service. (Office of the Historian)
Secretary of State Hillary R. Clinton in Islamabad: met President Zardari and senior leaders. (Office of the Historian)
Pakistan and the United States are among the founding members of the Global Counterterrorism Forum. (State Dept)
Secretary of State Hillary R. Clinton in Islamabad: met Prime Minister Gilani, Foreign Minister Khar, President Zardari. (Office of the Historian)
President Asif Zardari in the United States: met with President Obama at the NATO Summit Meeting in Chicago, IL. (Office of the Historian)
Activity agreement for the Peshawar-Torkham road. (Treaties in Force)
Richard Gustave Olson Jr. takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
Secretary of State John F. Kerry in Islamabad: met President Zardari and Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. (Office of the Historian)
Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif made a working visit to Washington; he returned on 22 October 2015. (Office of the Historian, Visits by Foreign Leaders)
The ministerial Strategic Dialogue, interrupted in 2011, resumed in Washington. (State Dept archive)
Secretary John Kerry attended the US-Pakistan Strategic Dialogue ministerial in Islamabad. (Office of the Historian, Travels of the Secretary)
Prime Minister Mohammed Nawaz Sharif in the United States: official Working Visit. (Office of the Historian)
David Hale takes up post as US Ambassador to Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
Sixth and latest ministerial round of the Strategic Dialogue in Washington, led by Sartaj Aziz and John Kerry. (State Dept joint statement)
Secretary of State Rex W. Tillerson in Islamabad: met senior officials. (Office of the Historian)
Secretary Mike Pompeo met Prime Minister Imran Khan and Army Chief General Qamar Javed Bajwa in Islamabad. (Office of the Historian, Travels of the Secretary)
Paul Wayne Jones takes up post as US Chargé d'Affaires a.i. in Pakistan. (Office of the Historian)
Ambassador Asad Majeed Khan presents credentials at the White House. (Embassy of Pakistan)
Prime Minister Imran Khan made an official working visit to the White House. (Office of the Historian, Visits by Foreign Leaders)
Angela P. Aggeler leads the US Embassy as Chargé d'Affaires a.i., until her farewell calls in May 2022. (ISSI)
Donald A. Blome arrives as US Ambassador, the first full-time ambassador in Islamabad since 2018. (Dawn)
Secretary Antony Blinken and Foreign Minister Bilawal Bhutto Zardari marked the 75th anniversary of relations in Washington, alongside US flood relief for Pakistan. (US Department of State MOFA Pakistan)
Ninth TIFA Council ministerial meeting in Washington. (USTR)
US-Pakistan Energy Security Dialogue under the Green Alliance framework. (US Embassy)
Rizwan Saeed Sheikh assumes charge as Pakistan's Ambassador in Washington. (Dawn)
Natalie A. Baker assumes the duties of US Chargé d'Affaires in Islamabad. (US Embassy)
The State Department announced the India-Pakistan ceasefire after US contacts with both sides. (US Department of State)
President Donald Trump hosted Field Marshal Syed Asim Munir for lunch at the White House. (Geo News, citing ISPR)
Secretary Rubio met Deputy Prime Minister/Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar in Washington, their first in-person meeting, covering trade, critical minerals and counterterrorism. (US Department of State MOFA Pakistan)
The US sets a 19% reciprocal tariff on Pakistani goods, down from an announced 29%. (Dawn)
The Counterterrorism Dialogue met in Islamabad. (US Department of State)
US Strategic Metals and Pakistan's Frontier Works Organization sign a critical-minerals MoU. (Dawn)
Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif and Field Marshal Munir met President Trump in the Oval Office. (Dawn)
First consignment of rare earths and critical minerals shipped to the United States. (USSM)
US notifies Congress of a possible F-16 sustainment and modernisation package. (Dawn)
Pakistan signed the Board of Peace charter at Davos and was named a founding member. (Dawn)
Pakistan Navy takes command of Combined Task Force 150 in the US-led Combined Maritime Forces. (CMF)
Pakistan takes part in the Critical Minerals Ministerial in Washington. (State Dept)
US Supreme Court rules that emergency-powers law does not authorise tariffs, ending the 19% reciprocal rate. (Supreme Court)
Congressional Pakistan Caucus co-chairs host a bipartisan policy symposium at the Capitol. (Office of Rep. Suozzi)
Pakistan hosted the Islamabad Talks between a US delegation led by Vice President J.D. Vance and an Iranian delegation. (MOFA Pakistan MOFA Pakistan)
The State Department announces a phased closure of the US Consulate General in Peshawar. (Dawn)
Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif announced that the Islamabad Memorandum of Understanding between the United States and Iran had been signed electronically, with Pakistan as mediator; Pakistan and Qatar then convened the first follow-up committee meeting in Switzerland on 21 June. (MOFA Pakistan briefing)
Washington round of negotiations on a bilateral Agreement on Reciprocal Trade. (Express Tribune)
The US Consulate General in Peshawar closes; its work moves to the Embassy in Islamabad. (ProPakistani)
Fulbright-HEC partnership renewed for five years. (Radio Pakistan)
Fourth round of the Counterterrorism Dialogue in Washington. (MOFA Pakistan, joint statement)
Pakistan's Commerce Secretary reports substantial progress on the reciprocal trade agreement. (Profit)
Pakistan's Foreign Office reaffirms commitment to diplomatic, economic and security ties with Washington. (MOFA)
Themes are assigned by IPDS from each entry's subject; an event can bear on several, and is listed under its main one. The full chronology is in the downloadable dataset.
Short answers to the questions most often asked about Pakistan-USA relations, each drawn from the sourced sections above.
On 15 August 1947, the day Pakistan became independent. President Truman congratulated Governor-General Muhammad Ali Jinnah, and the US opened its embassy in Karachi the same day; the United States was one of the first two countries to recognise Pakistan.
Yes. President George W. Bush designated Pakistan a Major Non-NATO Ally on 16 June 2004 (Presidential Determination, 69 FR 38797).
ForeignAssistance.gov records $30,724 million in US obligations from FY1948 to FY2025 ($22,179 million economic, $8,545 million military, in current dollars). The Congressional Research Service, which also counts Coalition Support Fund reimbursements, gives $34,854 million for FY2002 to FY2022 alone.
US goods trade with Pakistan was about $8.5 billion in 2025: US exports of $3.1 billion and imports from Pakistan of $5.4 billion, according to the US Census Bureau. The United States is Pakistan's largest single-country export market.
Rizwan Saeed Sheikh, who assumed charge in Washington in 2024. The US Embassy in Islamabad has been led by Chargé d'Affaires Natalie A. Baker since January 2025.
Pakistan has an embassy in Washington, D.C. and consulates in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles and Houston. The United States has an embassy in Islamabad and consulates general in Karachi and Lahore; its consulate in Peshawar closed on 17 July 2026.
The State Department's Treaties in Force lists 59 bilateral treaties and agreements with Pakistan: 53 concluded since 1947 and six earlier US-UK or British-India instruments that apply by succession.
13,165 in the 2024/25 academic year, up 19.8% on the year, making Pakistan the 13th-largest source of international students in the US (Open Doors 2025).
A bilateral Agreement on Reciprocal Trade under negotiation, critical-minerals investment, counterterrorism cooperation through the annual Counterterrorism Dialogue, and Pakistan's role as a mediator between the United States and Iran.
The original texts behind the landmarks: treaties, joint statements, laws and determinations, linked to the official publication that holds them.
Every table on this page, and more, as files you can use: trade, aid, remittances, investment, agreements, envoys, visits and the full chronology.
Each fact on this page is linked to where it came from. Official records of the two governments were consulted first; institutional datasets (Open Doors, the IMF, Combined Maritime Forces) are used where governments do not publish the figure; news reports are cited only where no official text exists, and are labelled as such. Statistics are dated and attributed to the agency that publishes them. US data run on calendar years, Pakistani data on July–June fiscal years, so the two are not mixed in one series.
Archived official pages. When an administration ends, the State Department moves its pages to an official archive site (2001-2009.state.gov, 2009-2017.state.gov, 2021-2025.state.gov). Documents from earlier administrations are cited there because that is where the Department keeps them; they are official records, not mirrors. Every link on this page was checked when it was last revised.
Rosters and counts. The agreements list is complete for the State Department's 2020 register; the ambassadors' roster is an IPDS compilation, because no consolidated official register is published; trade and aid figures are rounded once and totals are computed from the rounded parts.
Some government pages (the State Bank of Pakistan's statistical tables, parts of state.gov) block automated access and were checked through their published summaries; the most recent complete text of Treaties in Force that could be read was the 2020 edition, and the 2025 edition is linked for comparison. Facts that could not be confirmed, such as the status of the US Consulate in Peshawar or a September 2026 leaders' meeting at the UN, are flagged or left out rather than assumed.
This is a living reference, revised as agreements, visits and data are published. Spotted an error or a more current primary source? Suggest a correction.
How to cite: IPDS Centre for American Studies, "Pakistan-United States Relations: A Reference, 1947 to the Present," Institute of Peace and Diplomatic Studies, Islamabad, last revised November 2026. https://ipd.org.pk/research-publications/pakistan-us-relations-tracker/
This reference is maintained by the IPDS Centre for American Studies alongside its research, events and commentary on US foreign policy and Pakistan-US relations.
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